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Health risk assessment: Disinfection by-products in swimming pool water

Please note: As of 1 July 2025, the New Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science (PHF Science) is the new name for the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR). Research and reports published prior to this date may reference the organisation’s former name.

Summary

This report summarises the generic health risk assessment data for incidental exposure to disinfection by-products in swimming pool water such as, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The report considers domestic, non-occupational, routine, and incidental exposure to disinfection by-products in swimming pool water from recreational activities.

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